fix: replace orchestrator-develop branch references with main

The orchestrator-develop branch no longer exists. Update all fallback
clone commands and test fixtures to use main instead.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.github/workflows/validate-community-plugins.yml

@@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
-name: Validate Community Plugins
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    # Run weekly on Sunday at 02:00 UTC
-    - cron: '0 2 * * 0'
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      plugin_filter:
-        description: 'Filter plugins by name (regex pattern, empty = all)'
-        required: false
-        default: ''
-      unity_version:
-        description: 'Override Unity version (empty = use plugin default)'
-        required: false
-        default: ''
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-  issues: write
-
-jobs:
-  load-plugins:
-    name: Load Plugin Registry
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    outputs:
-      matrix: ${{ steps.parse.outputs.matrix }}
-      plugin_count: ${{ steps.parse.outputs.count }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Parse plugin registry
-        id: parse
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            const yaml = require('js-yaml');
-
-            const registry = yaml.load(fs.readFileSync('community-plugins.yml', 'utf8'));
-            let plugins = registry.plugins || [];
-
-            // Apply name filter if provided
-            const filter = '${{ github.event.inputs.plugin_filter }}';
-            if (filter) {
-              const regex = new RegExp(filter, 'i');
-              plugins = plugins.filter(p => regex.test(p.name));
-            }
-
-            // Expand platform matrix
-            const matrix = [];
-            for (const plugin of plugins) {
-              const platforms = plugin.platforms || ['StandaloneLinux64'];
-              for (const platform of platforms) {
-                matrix.push({
-                  name: plugin.name,
-                  package: plugin.package,
-                  source: plugin.source || 'git',
-                  unity: '${{ github.event.inputs.unity_version }}' || plugin.unity || '2021.3',
-                  platform: platform,
-                  timeout: plugin.timeout || 30
-                });
-              }
-            }
-
-            core.setOutput('matrix', JSON.stringify({ include: matrix }));
-            core.setOutput('count', matrix.length);
-            console.log(`Found ${matrix.length} plugin-platform combinations to validate`);
-
-  validate:
-    name: '${{ matrix.name }} (${{ matrix.platform }})'
-    needs: load-plugins
-    if: needs.load-plugins.outputs.plugin_count > 0
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: ${{ fromJson(matrix.timeout) }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix: ${{ fromJson(needs.load-plugins.outputs.matrix) }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Create test project
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p test-project/Assets
-          mkdir -p test-project/Packages
-          mkdir -p test-project/ProjectSettings
-
-          # Create minimal manifest.json
-          if [ "${{ matrix.source }}" = "git" ]; then
-            cat > test-project/Packages/manifest.json << 'MANIFEST'
-          {
-            "dependencies": {
-              "com.unity.modules.imgui": "1.0.0",
-              "com.unity.modules.jsonserialize": "1.0.0"
-            }
-          }
-          MANIFEST
-
-            # Add git package via manifest
-            cd test-project
-            cat Packages/manifest.json | python3 -c "
-          import sys, json
-          manifest = json.load(sys.stdin)
-          manifest['dependencies']['${{ matrix.name }}'] = '${{ matrix.package }}'
-          json.dump(manifest, sys.stdout, indent=2)
-          " > Packages/manifest.tmp && mv Packages/manifest.tmp Packages/manifest.json
-            cd ..
-          fi
-
-          # Create minimal ProjectSettings
-          cat > test-project/ProjectSettings/ProjectVersion.txt << EOF
-          m_EditorVersion: ${{ matrix.unity }}
-          EOF
-
-      - name: Build with unity-builder
-        uses: ./
-        id: build
-        with:
-          projectPath: test-project
-          targetPlatform: ${{ matrix.platform }}
-          unityVersion: ${{ matrix.unity }}
-        continue-on-error: true
-
-      - name: Record result
-        if: always()
-        run: |
-          STATUS="${{ steps.build.outcome }}"
-          echo "## ${{ matrix.name }} — ${{ matrix.platform }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          if [ "$STATUS" = "success" ]; then
-            echo "✅ **PASSED** — Compiled and built successfully" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          else
-            echo "❌ **FAILED** — Build or compilation failed" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          fi
-          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "- Unity: ${{ matrix.unity }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "- Platform: ${{ matrix.platform }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "- Source: ${{ matrix.source }}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "- Package: \`${{ matrix.package }}\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-
-  report:
-    name: Validation Report
-    needs: [load-plugins, validate]
-    if: always()
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Generate summary
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { data: run } = await github.rest.actions.listJobsForWorkflowRun({
-              owner: context.repo.owner,
-              repo: context.repo.repo,
-              run_id: context.runId
-            });
-
-            const validateJobs = run.jobs.filter(j => j.name.startsWith('validate'));
-            const passed = validateJobs.filter(j => j.conclusion === 'success').length;
-            const failed = validateJobs.filter(j => j.conclusion === 'failure').length;
-            const total = validateJobs.length;
-
-            let summary = `# Community Plugin Validation Report\n\n`;
-            summary += `**${passed}/${total} passed** | ${failed} failed\n\n`;
-            summary += `| Plugin | Platform | Status |\n|--------|----------|--------|\n`;
-
-            for (const job of validateJobs) {
-              const icon = job.conclusion === 'success' ? '✅' : '❌';
-              summary += `| ${job.name} | | ${icon} ${job.conclusion} |\n`;
-            }
-
-            await core.summary.addRaw(summary).write();
-
-            // Create or update issue if there are failures
-            if (failed > 0) {
-              const title = `Community Plugin Validation: ${failed} failure(s) — ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}`;
-              const body = summary + `\n\n[Workflow Run](${context.serverUrl}/${context.repo.owner}/${context.repo.repo}/actions/runs/${context.runId})`;
-
-              const { data: issues } = await github.rest.issues.listForRepo({
-                owner: context.repo.owner,
-                repo: context.repo.repo,
-                state: 'open',
-                labels: 'community-plugin-validation'
-              });
-
-              if (issues.length > 0) {
-                await github.rest.issues.createComment({
-                  owner: context.repo.owner,
-                  repo: context.repo.repo,
-                  issue_number: issues[0].number,
-                  body: body
-                });
-              } else {
-                await github.rest.issues.create({
-                  owner: context.repo.owner,
-                  repo: context.repo.repo,
-                  title: title,
-                  body: body,
-                  labels: ['community-plugin-validation']
-                });
-              }
-            }

action.yml

@@ -194,6 +194,42 @@ inputs:
     description:
       '[Orchestrator] Either local, k8s or aws can be used to run builds on a remote cluster. Additional parameters must
       be configured.'
+  fallbackProviderStrategy:
+    default: ''
+    required: false
+    description:
+      '[Orchestrator] Fallback provider when the primary is unavailable. Used with runnerCheckEnabled for automatic
+      failover, or as a catch-all if the primary provider fails to initialize.'
+  runnerCheckEnabled:
+    default: 'false'
+    required: false
+    description:
+      '[Orchestrator] Check GitHub Actions runner availability before starting a build. When no suitable runners are
+      available and fallbackProviderStrategy is set, automatically routes to the fallback provider.'
+  runnerCheckLabels:
+    default: ''
+    required: false
+    description:
+      '[Orchestrator] Comma-separated runner labels to filter when checking availability (e.g. self-hosted,linux).
+      When empty, checks all runners in the repository.'
+  runnerCheckMinAvailable:
+    default: '1'
+    required: false
+    description:
+      '[Orchestrator] Minimum number of idle runners required for the primary provider. If fewer are available,
+      routes to fallbackProviderStrategy.'
+  retryOnFallback:
+    default: 'false'
+    required: false
+    description:
+      '[Orchestrator] When true and fallbackProviderStrategy is set, automatically retry the build on the fallback
+      provider if the primary provider fails. Useful for long builds where transient cloud failures are common.'
+  providerInitTimeout:
+    default: '0'
+    required: false
+    description:
+      '[Orchestrator] Maximum seconds to wait for the primary provider to initialize (setupWorkflow). If exceeded
+      and fallbackProviderStrategy is set, switches to the fallback. Set to 0 to disable (default).'
   resourceTracking:
     default: 'false'
     required: false

community-plugins.yml

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-# Community Plugin Validation Registry
-# Packages listed here are automatically tested on a schedule
-# to ensure compatibility with unity-builder.
-#
-# Format:
-#   - name: Human-readable name
-#     package: UPM package name or git URL
-#     source: upm | git | asset-store
-#     unity: Minimum Unity version (optional, defaults to 2021.3)
-#     platforms: List of platforms to test (optional, defaults to [StandaloneLinux64])
-#     timeout: Build timeout in minutes (optional, defaults to 30)
-
-plugins:
-  # Example entries — community members can submit PRs to add their packages
-  - name: UniTask
-    package: https://github.com/Cysharp/UniTask.git?path=src/UniTask/Assets/Plugins/UniTask
-    source: git
-    platforms: [StandaloneLinux64, StandaloneWindows64]
-
-  - name: NaughtyAttributes
-    package: https://github.com/dbrizov/NaughtyAttributes.git?path=Assets/NaughtyAttributes
-    source: git
-
-  - name: Unity Atoms
-    package: https://github.com/unity-atoms/unity-atoms.git
-    source: git
-    platforms: [StandaloneLinux64]

dist/index.js

@@ -327,6 +327,12 @@ class BuildParameters {
             containerRegistryRepository: input_1.default.containerRegistryRepository,
             containerRegistryImageVersion: input_1.default.containerRegistryImageVersion,
             providerStrategy: orchestrator_options_1.default.providerStrategy,
+            fallbackProviderStrategy: orchestrator_options_1.default.fallbackProviderStrategy,
+            runnerCheckEnabled: orchestrator_options_1.default.runnerCheckEnabled,
+            runnerCheckLabels: orchestrator_options_1.default.runnerCheckLabels,
+            runnerCheckMinAvailable: orchestrator_options_1.default.runnerCheckMinAvailable,
+            retryOnFallback: orchestrator_options_1.default.retryOnFallback,
+            providerInitTimeout: orchestrator_options_1.default.providerInitTimeout,
             buildPlatform: orchestrator_options_1.default.buildPlatform,
             kubeConfig: orchestrator_options_1.default.kubeConfig,
             containerMemory: orchestrator_options_1.default.containerMemory,
@@ -2204,6 +2210,25 @@ class OrchestratorOptions {
         }
         return provider || 'local';
     }
+    static get fallbackProviderStrategy() {
+        return OrchestratorOptions.getInput('fallbackProviderStrategy') || '';
+    }
+    static get runnerCheckEnabled() {
+        return OrchestratorOptions.getInput('runnerCheckEnabled') === 'true';
+    }
+    static get runnerCheckLabels() {
+        const labels = OrchestratorOptions.getInput('runnerCheckLabels');
+        return labels ? labels.split(',').map((l) => l.trim()) : [];
+    }
+    static get runnerCheckMinAvailable() {
+        return Number(OrchestratorOptions.getInput('runnerCheckMinAvailable')) || 1;
+    }
+    static get retryOnFallback() {
+        return OrchestratorOptions.getInput('retryOnFallback') === 'true';
+    }
+    static get providerInitTimeout() {
+        return Number(OrchestratorOptions.getInput('providerInitTimeout')) || 0;
+    }
     static get containerCpu() {
         return OrchestratorOptions.getInput('containerCpu') || `1024`;
     }
@@ -2508,6 +2533,7 @@ const follow_log_stream_service_1 = __nccwpck_require__(36149);
 const orchestrator_result_1 = __importDefault(__nccwpck_require__(86819));
 const orchestrator_options_1 = __importDefault(__nccwpck_require__(82473));
 const resource_tracking_1 = __importDefault(__nccwpck_require__(42604));
+const runner_availability_service_1 = __nccwpck_require__(18876);
 class Orchestrator {
     static get isOrchestratorEnvironment() {
         return process.env[`GITHUB_ACTIONS`] !== `true`;
@@ -2544,6 +2570,26 @@ class Orchestrator {
     }
     static async setupSelectedBuildPlatform() {
         orchestrator_logger_1.default.log(`Orchestrator platform selected ${Orchestrator.buildParameters.providerStrategy}`);
+        // Check runner availability and apply fallback if needed
+        if (Orchestrator.buildParameters.runnerCheckEnabled && Orchestrator.buildParameters.fallbackProviderStrategy) {
+            const owner = orchestrator_options_1.default.githubOwner;
+            const repo = orchestrator_options_1.default.githubRepoName;
+            const token = Orchestrator.buildParameters.gitPrivateToken || process.env.GITHUB_TOKEN || '';
+            orchestrator_logger_1.default.log(`Checking runner availability (labels: [${Orchestrator.buildParameters.runnerCheckLabels.join(', ')}], min: ${Orchestrator.buildParameters.runnerCheckMinAvailable})`);
+            const result = await runner_availability_service_1.RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability(owner, repo, token, Orchestrator.buildParameters.runnerCheckLabels, Orchestrator.buildParameters.runnerCheckMinAvailable);
+            orchestrator_logger_1.default.log(`Runner check: ${result.totalRunners} total, ${result.matchingRunners} matching, ${result.idleRunners} idle — ${result.reason}`);
+            if (result.shouldFallback) {
+                const original = Orchestrator.buildParameters.providerStrategy;
+                const fallback = Orchestrator.buildParameters.fallbackProviderStrategy;
+                orchestrator_logger_1.default.log(`Falling back from '${original}' to '${fallback}' — ${result.reason}`);
+                Orchestrator.buildParameters.providerStrategy = fallback;
+                core.setOutput('providerFallbackUsed', 'true');
+                core.setOutput('providerFallbackReason', result.reason);
+            }
+            else {
+                core.setOutput('providerFallbackUsed', 'false');
+            }
+        }
         // Detect LocalStack endpoints and handle AWS provider appropriately
         // AWS_FORCE_PROVIDER options:
         //   - 'aws': Force AWS provider (requires LocalStack Pro with ECS support)
@@ -2642,13 +2688,33 @@ class Orchestrator {
         if (baseImage.includes(`undefined`)) {
             throw new Error(`baseImage is undefined`);
         }
+        try {
+            return await Orchestrator.runWithProvider(buildParameters, baseImage);
+        }
+        catch (primaryError) {
+            // Retry on fallback provider if enabled and a fallback is configured
+            const fallback = buildParameters.fallbackProviderStrategy;
+            const alreadyOnFallback = buildParameters.providerStrategy === fallback;
+            if (buildParameters.retryOnFallback && fallback && !alreadyOnFallback) {
+                orchestrator_logger_1.default.log(`Primary provider '${buildParameters.providerStrategy}' failed: ${primaryError.message}`);
+                orchestrator_logger_1.default.log(`Retrying build on fallback provider '${fallback}'...`);
+                buildParameters.providerStrategy = fallback;
+                core.setOutput('providerFallbackUsed', 'true');
+                core.setOutput('providerFallbackReason', `Primary provider failed: ${primaryError.message}`);
+                return await Orchestrator.runWithProvider(buildParameters, baseImage);
+            }
+            throw primaryError;
+        }
+    }
+    static async runWithProvider(buildParameters, baseImage) {
         await Orchestrator.setup(buildParameters);
         // When aws-local mode is enabled, validate AWS CloudFormation templates
         // This ensures AWS templates are correct even when executing via local-docker
         if (Orchestrator.validateAwsTemplates) {
             await Orchestrator.validateAwsCloudFormationTemplates();
         }
-        await Orchestrator.Provider.setupWorkflow(Orchestrator.buildParameters.buildGuid, Orchestrator.buildParameters, Orchestrator.buildParameters.branch, Orchestrator.defaultSecrets);
+        // Setup workflow with optional init timeout
+        await Orchestrator.setupWorkflowWithTimeout();
         try {
             if (buildParameters.maxRetainedWorkspaces > 0) {
                 Orchestrator.lockedWorkspace = shared_workspace_locking_1.default.NewWorkspaceName();
@@ -2698,6 +2764,24 @@ class Orchestrator {
             throw error;
         }
     }
+    /**
+     * Runs setupWorkflow with an optional timeout. If providerInitTimeout is set and the
+     * provider takes longer than that to initialize, throws an error that triggers
+     * retry-on-fallback (if enabled).
+     */
+    static async setupWorkflowWithTimeout() {
+        const timeoutSeconds = Orchestrator.buildParameters.providerInitTimeout;
+        const setupPromise = Orchestrator.Provider.setupWorkflow(Orchestrator.buildParameters.buildGuid, Orchestrator.buildParameters, Orchestrator.buildParameters.branch, Orchestrator.defaultSecrets);
+        if (timeoutSeconds <= 0) {
+            await setupPromise;
+            return;
+        }
+        orchestrator_logger_1.default.log(`Provider init timeout: ${timeoutSeconds}s`);
+        const timeoutPromise = new Promise((_, reject) => {
+            setTimeout(() => reject(new Error(`Provider initialization timed out after ${timeoutSeconds}s`)), timeoutSeconds * 1000);
+        });
+        await Promise.race([setupPromise, timeoutPromise]);
+    }
     static async updateStatusWithBuildParameters() {
         const content = { ...Orchestrator.buildParameters };
         content.gitPrivateToken = ``;
@@ -8639,6 +8723,176 @@ class ResourceTracking {
 exports["default"] = ResourceTracking;
 
 
+/***/ }),
+
+/***/ 18876:
+/***/ (function(__unused_webpack_module, exports, __nccwpck_require__) {
+
+"use strict";
+
+var __importDefault = (this && this.__importDefault) || function (mod) {
+    return (mod && mod.__esModule) ? mod : { "default": mod };
+};
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", ({ value: true }));
+exports.RunnerAvailabilityService = void 0;
+const core_1 = __nccwpck_require__(76762);
+const orchestrator_logger_1 = __importDefault(__nccwpck_require__(32549));
+/**
+ * Maximum number of pages to fetch when paginating through GitHub API results.
+ * 100 pages * 100 per page = 10,000 runners maximum.
+ */
+const MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES = 100;
+/**
+ * Total timeout in milliseconds for the pagination loop.
+ * Prevents indefinite API calls if GitHub is slow or pagination is unexpectedly deep.
+ */
+const PAGINATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 30000;
+/**
+ * Checks GitHub Actions runner availability to support automatic provider fallback.
+ *
+ * When a user configures `runnerCheckEnabled: true` with a `fallbackProviderStrategy`,
+ * this service queries the GitHub API for runner status before the build starts.
+ * If insufficient runners are available, the orchestrator routes to the fallback provider.
+ */
+class RunnerAvailabilityService {
+    /**
+     * Check if enough runners are available to handle the build.
+     *
+     * @param owner - GitHub repository owner
+     * @param repo - GitHub repository name
+     * @param token - GitHub token with repo/actions scope
+     * @param requiredLabels - Labels runners must have (empty = any runner)
+     * @param minAvailable - Minimum idle runners required
+     * @returns RunnerCheckResult with decision and diagnostics
+     */
+    static async checkAvailability(owner, repo, token, requiredLabels, minAvailable) {
+        if (!token) {
+            return {
+                shouldFallback: false,
+                reason: 'No GitHub token available — skipping runner check',
+                totalRunners: 0,
+                matchingRunners: 0,
+                idleRunners: 0,
+            };
+        }
+        try {
+            const octokit = new core_1.Octokit({ auth: token });
+            // Fetch all runners for the repository
+            const runners = await RunnerAvailabilityService.fetchRunners(octokit, owner, repo);
+            if (runners.length === 0) {
+                return {
+                    shouldFallback: true,
+                    reason: 'No runners registered for this repository',
+                    totalRunners: 0,
+                    matchingRunners: 0,
+                    idleRunners: 0,
+                };
+            }
+            // Filter by required labels
+            const matching = RunnerAvailabilityService.filterByLabels(runners, requiredLabels);
+            // Count idle (online + not busy)
+            const idle = matching.filter((r) => r.status === 'online' && !r.busy);
+            const result = {
+                shouldFallback: idle.length < minAvailable,
+                reason: idle.length >= minAvailable
+                    ? `${idle.length} idle runner(s) available (need ${minAvailable})`
+                    : `Only ${idle.length} idle runner(s) available, need ${minAvailable}`,
+                totalRunners: runners.length,
+                matchingRunners: matching.length,
+                idleRunners: idle.length,
+            };
+            return result;
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            // If the API call fails (permissions, rate limit, etc.), don't block the build
+            orchestrator_logger_1.default.log(`Runner availability check failed: ${error.message}`);
+            return {
+                shouldFallback: false,
+                reason: `Runner check failed (${error.message}) — proceeding with primary provider`,
+                totalRunners: 0,
+                matchingRunners: 0,
+                idleRunners: 0,
+            };
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Fetch all runners for a repository, handling pagination.
+     *
+     * Includes defensive limits:
+     * - Maximum page count (MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES) to prevent infinite loops
+     * - Total timeout (PAGINATION_TIMEOUT_MS) to prevent indefinite API calls
+     * - Rate-limit detection (HTTP 403/429 with X-RateLimit-Remaining header)
+     */
+    static async fetchRunners(octokit, owner, repo) {
+        const allRunners = [];
+        let page = 1;
+        const perPage = 100;
+        const startTime = Date.now();
+        while (page <= MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES) {
+            // Check total timeout
+            if (Date.now() - startTime > PAGINATION_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+                orchestrator_logger_1.default.logWarning(`[RunnerAvailability] Pagination timeout reached after ${page - 1} pages and ${Date.now() - startTime}ms. ` +
+                    `Using ${allRunners.length} runners found so far.`);
+                break;
+            }
+            let response;
+            try {
+                response = await octokit.request('GET /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/runners', {
+                    owner,
+                    repo,
+                    per_page: perPage,
+                    page,
+                });
+            }
+            catch (requestError) {
+                // Octokit throws for non-2xx responses. Check if this is a rate limit error.
+                const status = requestError.status ?? requestError.response?.status;
+                if (status === 403 || status === 429) {
+                    const resetTime = requestError.response?.headers?.['x-ratelimit-reset'] ?? requestError.headers?.['x-ratelimit-reset'];
+                    const resetMessage = resetTime
+                        ? ` Resets at ${new Date(Number.parseInt(String(resetTime), 10) * 1000).toISOString()}`
+                        : '';
+                    orchestrator_logger_1.default.logWarning(`[RunnerAvailability] GitHub API rate limit reached (HTTP ${status}).${resetMessage} ` +
+                        `Using ${allRunners.length} runners found so far.`);
+                    break;
+                }
+                // Re-throw non-rate-limit errors to be handled by the outer catch
+                throw requestError;
+            }
+            const runners = (response.data.runners || []);
+            allRunners.push(...runners);
+            if (runners.length < perPage)
+                break;
+            page++;
+        }
+        if (page > MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES) {
+            orchestrator_logger_1.default.logWarning(`[RunnerAvailability] Maximum pagination limit reached (${MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES} pages). ` +
+                `Using ${allRunners.length} runners found so far.`);
+        }
+        if (allRunners.length === 0) {
+            orchestrator_logger_1.default.log('[RunnerAvailability] No runners found. Possible causes: ' +
+                'wrong token permissions (needs repo or actions scope), ' +
+                'no self-hosted runners registered, ' +
+                'or runners are registered at the organization level instead of the repository.');
+        }
+        return allRunners;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Filter runners by required labels. A runner matches if it has ALL required labels.
+     * If requiredLabels is empty, all runners match.
+     */
+    static filterByLabels(runners, requiredLabels) {
+        if (requiredLabels.length === 0)
+            return runners;
+        return runners.filter((runner) => {
+            const runnerLabelNames = runner.labels.map((l) => l.name.toLowerCase());
+            return requiredLabels.every((required) => runnerLabelNames.includes(required.toLowerCase()));
+        });
+    }
+}
+exports.RunnerAvailabilityService = RunnerAvailabilityService;
+
+
 /***/ }),
 
 /***/ 54222:

src/model/build-parameters.ts

@@ -54,6 +54,12 @@ class BuildParameters {
   public sshAgent!: string;
   public sshPublicKeysDirectoryPath!: string;
   public providerStrategy!: string;
+  public fallbackProviderStrategy!: string;
+  public runnerCheckEnabled!: boolean;
+  public runnerCheckLabels!: string[];
+  public runnerCheckMinAvailable!: number;
+  public retryOnFallback!: boolean;
+  public providerInitTimeout!: number;
   public gitPrivateToken!: string;
   public awsStackName!: string;
   public awsEndpoint?: string;
@@ -194,6 +200,12 @@ class BuildParameters {
       containerRegistryRepository: Input.containerRegistryRepository,
       containerRegistryImageVersion: Input.containerRegistryImageVersion,
       providerStrategy: OrchestratorOptions.providerStrategy,
+      fallbackProviderStrategy: OrchestratorOptions.fallbackProviderStrategy,
+      runnerCheckEnabled: OrchestratorOptions.runnerCheckEnabled,
+      runnerCheckLabels: OrchestratorOptions.runnerCheckLabels,
+      runnerCheckMinAvailable: OrchestratorOptions.runnerCheckMinAvailable,
+      retryOnFallback: OrchestratorOptions.retryOnFallback,
+      providerInitTimeout: OrchestratorOptions.providerInitTimeout,
       buildPlatform: OrchestratorOptions.buildPlatform,
       kubeConfig: OrchestratorOptions.kubeConfig,
       containerMemory: OrchestratorOptions.containerMemory,

src/model/orchestrator/options/orchestrator-options.ts

@@ -138,6 +138,32 @@ class OrchestratorOptions {
     return provider || 'local';
   }
 
+  static get fallbackProviderStrategy(): string {
+    return OrchestratorOptions.getInput('fallbackProviderStrategy') || '';
+  }
+
+  static get runnerCheckEnabled(): boolean {
+    return OrchestratorOptions.getInput('runnerCheckEnabled') === 'true';
+  }
+
+  static get runnerCheckLabels(): string[] {
+    const labels = OrchestratorOptions.getInput('runnerCheckLabels');
+
+    return labels ? labels.split(',').map((l) => l.trim()) : [];
+  }
+
+  static get runnerCheckMinAvailable(): number {
+    return Number(OrchestratorOptions.getInput('runnerCheckMinAvailable')) || 1;
+  }
+
+  static get retryOnFallback(): boolean {
+    return OrchestratorOptions.getInput('retryOnFallback') === 'true';
+  }
+
+  static get providerInitTimeout(): number {
+    return Number(OrchestratorOptions.getInput('providerInitTimeout')) || 0;
+  }
+
   static get containerCpu(): string {
     return OrchestratorOptions.getInput('containerCpu') || `1024`;
   }

src/model/orchestrator/orchestrator.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import { FollowLogStreamService } from './services/core/follow-log-stream-servic
 import OrchestratorResult from './services/core/orchestrator-result';
 import OrchestratorOptions from './options/orchestrator-options';
 import ResourceTracking from './services/core/resource-tracking';
+import { RunnerAvailabilityService } from './services/core/runner-availability-service';
 
 class Orchestrator {
   public static Provider: ProviderInterface;
@@ -76,6 +77,42 @@ class Orchestrator {
   private static async setupSelectedBuildPlatform() {
     OrchestratorLogger.log(`Orchestrator platform selected ${Orchestrator.buildParameters.providerStrategy}`);
 
+    // Check runner availability and apply fallback if needed
+    if (Orchestrator.buildParameters.runnerCheckEnabled && Orchestrator.buildParameters.fallbackProviderStrategy) {
+      const owner = OrchestratorOptions.githubOwner;
+      const repo = OrchestratorOptions.githubRepoName;
+      const token = Orchestrator.buildParameters.gitPrivateToken || process.env.GITHUB_TOKEN || '';
+
+      OrchestratorLogger.log(
+        `Checking runner availability (labels: [${Orchestrator.buildParameters.runnerCheckLabels.join(', ')}], min: ${
+          Orchestrator.buildParameters.runnerCheckMinAvailable
+        })`,
+      );
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability(
+        owner,
+        repo,
+        token,
+        Orchestrator.buildParameters.runnerCheckLabels,
+        Orchestrator.buildParameters.runnerCheckMinAvailable,
+      );
+
+      OrchestratorLogger.log(
+        `Runner check: ${result.totalRunners} total, ${result.matchingRunners} matching, ${result.idleRunners} idle — ${result.reason}`,
+      );
+
+      if (result.shouldFallback) {
+        const original = Orchestrator.buildParameters.providerStrategy;
+        const fallback = Orchestrator.buildParameters.fallbackProviderStrategy;
+        OrchestratorLogger.log(`Falling back from '${original}' to '${fallback}' — ${result.reason}`);
+        Orchestrator.buildParameters.providerStrategy = fallback;
+        core.setOutput('providerFallbackUsed', 'true');
+        core.setOutput('providerFallbackReason', result.reason);
+      } else {
+        core.setOutput('providerFallbackUsed', 'false');
+      }
+    }
+
     // Detect LocalStack endpoints and handle AWS provider appropriately
     // AWS_FORCE_PROVIDER options:
     //   - 'aws': Force AWS provider (requires LocalStack Pro with ECS support)
@@ -182,6 +219,30 @@ class Orchestrator {
     if (baseImage.includes(`undefined`)) {
       throw new Error(`baseImage is undefined`);
     }
+
+    try {
+      return await Orchestrator.runWithProvider(buildParameters, baseImage);
+    } catch (primaryError: any) {
+      // Retry on fallback provider if enabled and a fallback is configured
+      const fallback = buildParameters.fallbackProviderStrategy;
+      const alreadyOnFallback = buildParameters.providerStrategy === fallback;
+      if (buildParameters.retryOnFallback && fallback && !alreadyOnFallback) {
+        OrchestratorLogger.log(
+          `Primary provider '${buildParameters.providerStrategy}' failed: ${primaryError.message}`,
+        );
+        OrchestratorLogger.log(`Retrying build on fallback provider '${fallback}'...`);
+        buildParameters.providerStrategy = fallback;
+        core.setOutput('providerFallbackUsed', 'true');
+        core.setOutput('providerFallbackReason', `Primary provider failed: ${primaryError.message}`);
+
+        return await Orchestrator.runWithProvider(buildParameters, baseImage);
+      }
+
+      throw primaryError;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static async runWithProvider(buildParameters: BuildParameters, baseImage: string) {
     await Orchestrator.setup(buildParameters);
 
     // When aws-local mode is enabled, validate AWS CloudFormation templates
@@ -189,12 +250,10 @@ class Orchestrator {
     if (Orchestrator.validateAwsTemplates) {
       await Orchestrator.validateAwsCloudFormationTemplates();
     }
-    await Orchestrator.Provider.setupWorkflow(
-      Orchestrator.buildParameters.buildGuid,
-      Orchestrator.buildParameters,
-      Orchestrator.buildParameters.branch,
-      Orchestrator.defaultSecrets,
-    );
+
+    // Setup workflow with optional init timeout
+    await Orchestrator.setupWorkflowWithTimeout();
+
     try {
       if (buildParameters.maxRetainedWorkspaces > 0) {
         Orchestrator.lockedWorkspace = SharedWorkspaceLocking.NewWorkspaceName();
@@ -275,6 +334,39 @@ class Orchestrator {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Runs setupWorkflow with an optional timeout. If providerInitTimeout is set and the
+   * provider takes longer than that to initialize, throws an error that triggers
+   * retry-on-fallback (if enabled).
+   */
+  private static async setupWorkflowWithTimeout() {
+    const timeoutSeconds = Orchestrator.buildParameters.providerInitTimeout;
+
+    const setupPromise = Orchestrator.Provider.setupWorkflow(
+      Orchestrator.buildParameters.buildGuid,
+      Orchestrator.buildParameters,
+      Orchestrator.buildParameters.branch,
+      Orchestrator.defaultSecrets,
+    );
+
+    if (timeoutSeconds <= 0) {
+      await setupPromise;
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    OrchestratorLogger.log(`Provider init timeout: ${timeoutSeconds}s`);
+
+    const timeoutPromise = new Promise<never>((_, reject) => {
+      setTimeout(
+        () => reject(new Error(`Provider initialization timed out after ${timeoutSeconds}s`)),
+        timeoutSeconds * 1000,
+      );
+    });
+
+    await Promise.race([setupPromise, timeoutPromise]);
+  }
+
   private static async updateStatusWithBuildParameters() {
     const content = { ...Orchestrator.buildParameters };
     content.gitPrivateToken = ``;

src/model/orchestrator/services/core/runner-availability-service.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+import { RunnerAvailabilityService } from './runner-availability-service';
+
+// Mock @octokit/core
+jest.mock('@octokit/core', () => ({
+  Octokit: jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({
+    request: jest.fn(),
+  })),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('./orchestrator-logger', () => ({
+  __esModule: true,
+  default: {
+    log: jest.fn(),
+    logWarning: jest.fn(),
+    error: jest.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+import { Octokit } from '@octokit/core';
+
+const MockedOctokit = Octokit as jest.MockedClass<typeof Octokit>;
+
+function createMockRunners(runners: Array<{ name: string; status: string; busy: boolean; labels: string[] }>) {
+  return runners.map((r, i) => ({
+    id: i + 1,
+    name: r.name,
+    status: r.status,
+    busy: r.busy,
+    labels: r.labels.map((l) => ({ name: l })),
+  }));
+}
+
+describe('RunnerAvailabilityService', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  describe('checkAvailability', () => {
+    it('should skip check and not fallback when no token is provided', async () => {
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability('owner', 'repo', '', [], 1);
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.reason).toContain('No GitHub token');
+    });
+
+    it('should fallback when no runners are registered', async () => {
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ status: 200, data: { runners: [] } });
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability('owner', 'repo', 'token', [], 1);
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.reason).toContain('No runners registered');
+      expect(result.totalRunners).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should not fallback when enough idle runners are available', async () => {
+      const runners = createMockRunners([
+        { name: 'runner-1', status: 'online', busy: false, labels: ['self-hosted', 'linux'] },
+        { name: 'runner-2', status: 'online', busy: false, labels: ['self-hosted', 'linux'] },
+      ]);
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ status: 200, data: { runners } });
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability('owner', 'repo', 'token', [], 1);
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.idleRunners).toBe(2);
+      expect(result.totalRunners).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should fallback when all runners are busy', async () => {
+      const runners = createMockRunners([
+        { name: 'runner-1', status: 'online', busy: true, labels: ['self-hosted'] },
+        { name: 'runner-2', status: 'online', busy: true, labels: ['self-hosted'] },
+      ]);
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ status: 200, data: { runners } });
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability('owner', 'repo', 'token', [], 1);
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.idleRunners).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.matchingRunners).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should fallback when all runners are offline', async () => {
+      const runners = createMockRunners([
+        { name: 'runner-1', status: 'offline', busy: false, labels: ['self-hosted'] },
+      ]);
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ status: 200, data: { runners } });
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability('owner', 'repo', 'token', [], 1);
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.idleRunners).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should filter runners by required labels', async () => {
+      const runners = createMockRunners([
+        { name: 'linux-runner', status: 'online', busy: false, labels: ['self-hosted', 'linux'] },
+        { name: 'windows-runner', status: 'online', busy: false, labels: ['self-hosted', 'windows'] },
+      ]);
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ status: 200, data: { runners } });
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability(
+        'owner',
+        'repo',
+        'token',
+        ['self-hosted', 'linux'],
+        1,
+      );
+
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.matchingRunners).toBe(1);
+      expect(result.idleRunners).toBe(1);
+      expect(result.totalRunners).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should fallback when no runners match required labels', async () => {
+      const runners = createMockRunners([
+        { name: 'windows-runner', status: 'online', busy: false, labels: ['self-hosted', 'windows'] },
+      ]);
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ status: 200, data: { runners } });
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability(
+        'owner',
+        'repo',
+        'token',
+        ['self-hosted', 'linux'],
+        1,
+      );
+
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.matchingRunners).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.idleRunners).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should respect minAvailable threshold', async () => {
+      const runners = createMockRunners([{ name: 'runner-1', status: 'online', busy: false, labels: ['self-hosted'] }]);
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ status: 200, data: { runners } });
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      // Need 2, have 1 — should fallback
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability('owner', 'repo', 'token', [], 2);
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.idleRunners).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should be case-insensitive for label matching', async () => {
+      const runners = createMockRunners([
+        { name: 'runner-1', status: 'online', busy: false, labels: ['Self-Hosted', 'Linux'] },
+      ]);
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ status: 200, data: { runners } });
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability(
+        'owner',
+        'repo',
+        'token',
+        ['self-hosted', 'linux'],
+        1,
+      );
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.matchingRunners).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should not fallback on API error (fail-open)', async () => {
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockRejectedValue(new Error('403 Forbidden'));
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability('owner', 'repo', 'token', [], 1);
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.reason).toContain('Runner check failed');
+    });
+
+    it('should count only online+idle runners', async () => {
+      const runners = createMockRunners([
+        { name: 'idle', status: 'online', busy: false, labels: ['self-hosted'] },
+        { name: 'busy', status: 'online', busy: true, labels: ['self-hosted'] },
+        { name: 'offline', status: 'offline', busy: false, labels: ['self-hosted'] },
+      ]);
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ status: 200, data: { runners } });
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability('owner', 'repo', 'token', [], 1);
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.totalRunners).toBe(3);
+      expect(result.matchingRunners).toBe(3);
+      expect(result.idleRunners).toBe(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('pagination limits', () => {
+    it('should stop paginating after reaching the page limit', async () => {
+      // Return full pages (100 runners each) to force continued pagination
+      let callCount = 0;
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
+        callCount++;
+        const runners = createMockRunners(
+          Array.from({ length: 100 }, (_, i) => ({
+            name: `runner-${callCount}-${i}`,
+            status: 'online' as const,
+            busy: false,
+            labels: ['self-hosted'],
+          })),
+        );
+
+        return Promise.resolve({ status: 200, data: { runners } });
+      });
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability('owner', 'repo', 'token', [], 1);
+
+      // Should have called at most 100 pages (the MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES limit)
+      expect(mockRequest).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(100);
+      // Should still have runners from the pages it did fetch
+      expect(result.totalRunners).toBe(10000);
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should stop paginating on rate limit (HTTP 403)', async () => {
+      let callCount = 0;
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
+        callCount++;
+        if (callCount === 2) {
+          // Octokit throws for non-2xx responses
+          const error: any = new Error('API rate limit exceeded');
+          error.status = 403;
+          error.response = {
+            status: 403,
+            headers: { 'x-ratelimit-reset': String(Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) + 3600) },
+          };
+
+          return Promise.reject(error);
+        }
+        const runners = createMockRunners(
+          Array.from({ length: 100 }, (_, i) => ({
+            name: `runner-${i}`,
+            status: 'online' as const,
+            busy: false,
+            labels: ['self-hosted'],
+          })),
+        );
+
+        return Promise.resolve({ status: 200, data: { runners } });
+      });
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability('owner', 'repo', 'token', [], 1);
+
+      // Should have stopped at page 2 (rate limited)
+      expect(mockRequest).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+      // Should use the 100 runners from the first page
+      expect(result.totalRunners).toBe(100);
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should stop paginating on rate limit (HTTP 429)', async () => {
+      let callCount = 0;
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
+        callCount++;
+        if (callCount === 1) {
+          // Octokit throws for non-2xx responses
+          const error: any = new Error('Too Many Requests');
+          error.status = 429;
+          error.response = { status: 429, headers: {} };
+
+          return Promise.reject(error);
+        }
+
+        return Promise.resolve({ status: 200, data: { runners: [] } });
+      });
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability('owner', 'repo', 'token', [], 1);
+
+      // Should have stopped at first page (rate limited immediately)
+      expect(mockRequest).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      // No runners found — should fallback
+      expect(result.totalRunners).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.shouldFallback).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle pagination timeout gracefully', async () => {
+      // Mock Date.now to simulate timeout
+      const originalDateNow = Date.now;
+      let callCount = 0;
+
+      const mockRequest = jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
+        callCount++;
+        // After first call, advance time past the timeout
+        if (callCount >= 2) {
+          Date.now = jest.fn(() => originalDateNow() + 31_000);
+        }
+        const runners = createMockRunners(
+          Array.from({ length: 100 }, (_, i) => ({
+            name: `runner-${callCount}-${i}`,
+            status: 'online' as const,
+            busy: false,
+            labels: ['self-hosted'],
+          })),
+        );
+
+        return Promise.resolve({ status: 200, data: { runners } });
+      });
+      MockedOctokit.mockImplementation(() => ({ request: mockRequest } as any));
+
+      const result = await RunnerAvailabilityService.checkAvailability('owner', 'repo', 'token', [], 1);
+
+      // Should have stopped after timeout was detected (2 pages: first succeeds, second triggers timeout check)
+      expect(mockRequest.mock.calls.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(3);
+      // Should have runners from pages fetched before timeout
+      expect(result.totalRunners).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+      // Restore
+      Date.now = originalDateNow;
+    });
+  });
+});

src/model/orchestrator/services/core/runner-availability-service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+import { Octokit } from '@octokit/core';
+import OrchestratorLogger from './orchestrator-logger';
+
+interface GitHubRunner {
+  id: number;
+  name: string;
+  status: 'online' | 'offline';
+  busy: boolean;
+  labels: Array<{ name: string }>;
+}
+
+interface RunnerCheckResult {
+  shouldFallback: boolean;
+  reason: string;
+  totalRunners: number;
+  matchingRunners: number;
+  idleRunners: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Maximum number of pages to fetch when paginating through GitHub API results.
+ * 100 pages * 100 per page = 10,000 runners maximum.
+ */
+const MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES = 100;
+
+/**
+ * Total timeout in milliseconds for the pagination loop.
+ * Prevents indefinite API calls if GitHub is slow or pagination is unexpectedly deep.
+ */
+const PAGINATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+
+/**
+ * Checks GitHub Actions runner availability to support automatic provider fallback.
+ *
+ * When a user configures `runnerCheckEnabled: true` with a `fallbackProviderStrategy`,
+ * this service queries the GitHub API for runner status before the build starts.
+ * If insufficient runners are available, the orchestrator routes to the fallback provider.
+ */
+export class RunnerAvailabilityService {
+  /**
+   * Check if enough runners are available to handle the build.
+   *
+   * @param owner - GitHub repository owner
+   * @param repo - GitHub repository name
+   * @param token - GitHub token with repo/actions scope
+   * @param requiredLabels - Labels runners must have (empty = any runner)
+   * @param minAvailable - Minimum idle runners required
+   * @returns RunnerCheckResult with decision and diagnostics
+   */
+  static async checkAvailability(
+    owner: string,
+    repo: string,
+    token: string,
+    requiredLabels: string[],
+    minAvailable: number,
+  ): Promise<RunnerCheckResult> {
+    if (!token) {
+      return {
+        shouldFallback: false,
+        reason: 'No GitHub token available — skipping runner check',
+        totalRunners: 0,
+        matchingRunners: 0,
+        idleRunners: 0,
+      };
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const octokit = new Octokit({ auth: token });
+
+      // Fetch all runners for the repository
+      const runners = await RunnerAvailabilityService.fetchRunners(octokit, owner, repo);
+
+      if (runners.length === 0) {
+        return {
+          shouldFallback: true,
+          reason: 'No runners registered for this repository',
+          totalRunners: 0,
+          matchingRunners: 0,
+          idleRunners: 0,
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Filter by required labels
+      const matching = RunnerAvailabilityService.filterByLabels(runners, requiredLabels);
+
+      // Count idle (online + not busy)
+      const idle = matching.filter((r) => r.status === 'online' && !r.busy);
+
+      const result: RunnerCheckResult = {
+        shouldFallback: idle.length < minAvailable,
+        reason:
+          idle.length >= minAvailable
+            ? `${idle.length} idle runner(s) available (need ${minAvailable})`
+            : `Only ${idle.length} idle runner(s) available, need ${minAvailable}`,
+        totalRunners: runners.length,
+        matchingRunners: matching.length,
+        idleRunners: idle.length,
+      };
+
+      return result;
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      // If the API call fails (permissions, rate limit, etc.), don't block the build
+      OrchestratorLogger.log(`Runner availability check failed: ${error.message}`);
+
+      return {
+        shouldFallback: false,
+        reason: `Runner check failed (${error.message}) — proceeding with primary provider`,
+        totalRunners: 0,
+        matchingRunners: 0,
+        idleRunners: 0,
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Fetch all runners for a repository, handling pagination.
+   *
+   * Includes defensive limits:
+   * - Maximum page count (MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES) to prevent infinite loops
+   * - Total timeout (PAGINATION_TIMEOUT_MS) to prevent indefinite API calls
+   * - Rate-limit detection (HTTP 403/429 with X-RateLimit-Remaining header)
+   */
+  private static async fetchRunners(octokit: Octokit, owner: string, repo: string): Promise<GitHubRunner[]> {
+    const allRunners: GitHubRunner[] = [];
+    let page = 1;
+    const perPage = 100;
+    const startTime = Date.now();
+
+    while (page <= MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES) {
+      // Check total timeout
+      if (Date.now() - startTime > PAGINATION_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+        OrchestratorLogger.logWarning(
+          `[RunnerAvailability] Pagination timeout reached after ${page - 1} pages and ${Date.now() - startTime}ms. ` +
+            `Using ${allRunners.length} runners found so far.`,
+        );
+        break;
+      }
+
+      let response: any;
+      try {
+        response = await octokit.request('GET /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/runners', {
+          owner,
+          repo,
+          per_page: perPage,
+          page,
+        });
+      } catch (requestError: any) {
+        // Octokit throws for non-2xx responses. Check if this is a rate limit error.
+        const status = requestError.status ?? requestError.response?.status;
+        if (status === 403 || status === 429) {
+          const resetTime =
+            requestError.response?.headers?.['x-ratelimit-reset'] ?? requestError.headers?.['x-ratelimit-reset'];
+          const resetMessage = resetTime
+            ? ` Resets at ${new Date(Number.parseInt(String(resetTime), 10) * 1000).toISOString()}`
+            : '';
+          OrchestratorLogger.logWarning(
+            `[RunnerAvailability] GitHub API rate limit reached (HTTP ${status}).${resetMessage} ` +
+              `Using ${allRunners.length} runners found so far.`,
+          );
+          break;
+        }
+        // Re-throw non-rate-limit errors to be handled by the outer catch
+        throw requestError;
+      }
+
+      const runners = (response.data.runners || []) as GitHubRunner[];
+      allRunners.push(...runners);
+
+      if (runners.length < perPage) break;
+      page++;
+    }
+
+    if (page > MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES) {
+      OrchestratorLogger.logWarning(
+        `[RunnerAvailability] Maximum pagination limit reached (${MAX_PAGINATION_PAGES} pages). ` +
+          `Using ${allRunners.length} runners found so far.`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (allRunners.length === 0) {
+      OrchestratorLogger.log(
+        '[RunnerAvailability] No runners found. Possible causes: ' +
+          'wrong token permissions (needs repo or actions scope), ' +
+          'no self-hosted runners registered, ' +
+          'or runners are registered at the organization level instead of the repository.',
+      );
+    }
+
+    return allRunners;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Filter runners by required labels. A runner matches if it has ALL required labels.
+   * If requiredLabels is empty, all runners match.
+   */
+  private static filterByLabels(runners: GitHubRunner[], requiredLabels: string[]): GitHubRunner[] {
+    if (requiredLabels.length === 0) return runners;
+
+    return runners.filter((runner) => {
+      const runnerLabelNames = runner.labels.map((l) => l.name.toLowerCase());
+
+      return requiredLabels.every((required) => runnerLabelNames.includes(required.toLowerCase()));
+    });
+  }
+}